Drive shafts (all-wheel drive models) — general information and inspection

1. Torque from the front differential/axle is transmitted to the wheels through a pair of drive shafts. The inner end of the right drive shaft is splined to the right differential side gear. At the inner end of the left drive shaft there is a short spline that connects to the left side gear. The lugs on the outer ends of both drive shafts are splined for connection to the hubs/wheel bearings. The shafts are secured to the hubs with large nuts.

2. Constant velocity joints are located at the inner ends of the drive shafts (CV joints), which have axial and radial mobility. Each internal CV joint consists of a bearing with a tripod and a housing in which the hinge can move axially when the drive shafts move along with the wheels in a vertical plane.

3. CV joints with ball bearings are located at the outer ends of the drive shafts. These hinges have radial, rather than axial, mobility. They contain bearings with six balls that roll between the inner race and the joint body.

4. It is necessary to periodically inspect the joint covers for damage and signs of lubricant leakage. A torn cover must be replaced immediately, otherwise the hinge will be damaged. If it is necessary to replace one or both boots, the drive shaft must be removed (see subsection 12).

5. If the cover is damaged, it is necessary to disassemble and clean the hinge (see subsection 13). If damage to one of the hinge elements is detected, the entire drive shaft must be replaced.

6. The most common symptom of joint failure, along with signs of lubricant leakage, is the presence of clicks when turning, as well as the presence of rumble during acceleration from coasting and vibration at high speeds. To determine the degree of wear on the joint and drive shaft boss, grab the shaft and try to turn it from side to side while holding the CV joint housing. Relative movement indicates the degree of wear of the splines or joint. You should also make sure that the shaft is not cracked, dented or bent.