Pic. 7-10. Scheme for testing additional diodes:
1 - generator;
2 - control lamp;
3 - battery.
«Plus» batteries through the lamp (1-3W, 12V) attach to output «D» generator, and «minus» to one of the phase terminals of the stator winding.
If the lamp lights up, then there is a short circuit in one of the additional diodes. You can find a damaged diode only by removing the rectifier unit and checking each diode individually.
An open in additional diodes can be detected with an oscilloscope by distorting the voltage curve on the plug «D», as well as low voltage (below 14 V) on plug «D» at an average frequency of rotation of the generator rotor.