Bumpers
Bumper systems are designed to withstand collisions with fixed obstacles at speeds up to 8 km/h (5 mph) without damage. After absorbing the impact energy, the bumpers return to their original position. The bumpers have an internal foam energy absorber and a polymer cladding cover.
Parking aid system
Parking aid system (PAS) is an electronic system designed to emit an audible signal that informs the driver of the presence of obstacles near the rear of the vehicle during reversing maneuvers, such as when parking. The PAS system consists of four units of ultrasonic obstacle sensors mounted on the rear bumper fascia, an electronic controller mounted on the upper side of the wheel arch panel, and a buzzer located on the instrument panel. An ultrasonic locator is used to detect obstacles in a certain area (sonar), which measures the time between transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves.
When reversing, the sensors emit short ultrasonic pulses and then receive echoes reflected from objects located within a certain distance range. In the electronic controller, the echo data from one or more sensors is used to calculate the distance to the obstacle.
Note: Some sound-absorbing or reflective materials may affect the detection range. In exceptional cases, as a result, the detection of some obstacles may be difficult.
Attention! The parking aid system does not release the driver from the responsibility and obligation to be careful when reversing. When driving a car, you must always be careful.
System operation
When the ignition is turned on and reverse is selected by the buzzer, a tone signal is emitted for 0.3 seconds, indicating that the system is ready.
The controller in turn applies voltage to each sensor, which converts it into an ultrasonic pulse.
If there is an obstacle in the detection area, the ultrasonic pulse will be reflected (echo) and received by the same sensor, or another adjacent to it.
The echo signal is amplified, processed and returned to the controller in digital form. The controller processes this data and informs the driver about the obstacle by issuing an intermittent sound signal through the buzzer.
The four sensors are located on the rear bumper fascia in order to provide some overlap in the beam patterns. This ensures the best coverage of the detection area. The maximum detection range is 150 cm.
The detection area is divided into four warning areas. As shown in the following table, the frequency of the beeps decreases as the distance to the obstacle decreases.
|
Detection zone
|
Left corner, right corner (cm)
|
Left middle, right middle (cm)
|
Sound on
|
Sound off
|
|
1
|
20 ~ 30
|
20 ~ 30
|
continuously
|
-
|
|
2
|
31 ~ 60
|
31 ~ 60
|
40ms
|
280 ms
|
|
3
|
61 ~ 80
|
61 ~ 90
|
40ms
|
480ms
|
|
4
|
-
|
91 ~ 150
|
40ms
|
680 ms
|
|
Ready signal
|
-
|
-
|
300ms
|
-
|
- LU - Left corner sensor
- PU - Right corner sensor
- LS - Left middle sensor
- PS - Right middle sensor
Tightening torques for threaded connections
|
PROGRAM
|
N·m
|
lb-ft
|
lb-in
|
|
Front shock bar bolts.
|
22
|
16
|
-
|
|
Bolts of the bottom facing of a forward bumper
|
10
|
7
|
-
|
|
Wheel arch trim bolts
|
2
|
-
|
18
|
|
Rear impact bar bolts
|
22
|
16
|
-
|
|
Rear bumper cover screws
|
2
|
-
|
18
|
|
Rear Obstacle Warning System Mounting Screw
|
4
|
-
|
36
|
|
Rear Obstacle Warning Controller Nuts
|
8
|
-
|
71
|
|
Power Steering Fluid Return Tube Bolts
|
10
|
7
|
-
|