Cylinder head
The cylinder head is made of aluminum alloy. The inlet and outlet openings are located on opposite sides of the head. The spark plug is located in the center of each combustion chamber.
Camshaft
The cast iron camshaft is held by five bearings in an aluminum camshaft housing located on top of the cylinder head.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft is supported by five main bearings. The third bearing is an angular contact bearing. The main bearings are lubricated by pressurized oil in the main oil line on the left side of the cylinder block.
Timing belt drive of the gas distribution mechanism
The timing belt of the camshaft drive connects the crankshaft and camshaft, maintaining rotational synchronization between them. The camshaft timing belt also drives the coolant pump. The timing belt for the camshaft drive and the toothed pulleys mesh so that there is no slippage between them. The tension roller maintains the correct tension of the camshaft timing belt. The timing belt for the camshaft drive is made of tough reinforced rubber, similar to that used in the V-ribbed belt for the auxiliary drive.
Lubrication system
The oil pan is mounted at the bottom of the engine block. The oil pan is made of sheet metal.
Engine oil is pumped from the oil sump by an oil pump. After the oil passes through the oil filter, it is fed through two channels to lubricate the engine block and cylinder head. In one channel, oil is pumped through the oil channels into the crankshaft to the connecting rods, then to the pistons and cylinders in the engine block. The oil then flows back into the oil sump. In the second channel, oil is pumped through the oil channels to the camshaft. The oil passes through an internal bypass in the camshaft to lubricate the valve assemblies in the cylinder head and then flows back into the oil sump.
The oil receiver oil filter is installed before the oil pump inlet to remove foreign matter that can clog or damage the oil pump or other engine parts.
At high engine speeds, the oil pump delivers much more oil than is needed to lubricate the engine. The oil pressure regulator prevents too much oil from being supplied to lubricate the engine passages. Under normal oil pressure, a coil spring keeps the bypass closed, directing all of the pumped oil to the engine. As the amount of oil supplied increases, the pressure becomes high enough to overcome the spring force. As a result, the oil pressure regulator valve opens and excess oil flows out through the valve and flows back into the oil sump.
An exhaust manifold
This engine uses a single quad exhaust manifold with a rear bottom mount. The exhaust manifold is designed to remove exhaust gases from the combustion chamber.
Intake manifold
The intake manifold is made of aluminium. The intake manifold is heated by the engine coolant. The air-fuel mixture is transferred through the intake manifold to the engine cylinders for combustion.
Exhaust gas recirculation system
The exhaust gas recirculation system is used to reduce the level of nitrogen oxide emissions produced due to the high combustion temperature. The main element of the system is the exhaust gas recirculation valve, which is driven by an electronic engine control unit.
The EGR valve delivers small amounts of exhaust gases to the intake manifold to lower the combustion temperature. The amount of gases added to the intake tract is controlled by the exhaust gas back pressure. If too much exhaust gas gets inside, combustion will not occur. In this way, only a very small amount of exhaust gases can be added through the valve, especially at idle.
The exhaust gas recirculation valve is controlled by the electronic engine control unit, depending on the operating mode of the engine.
Caution: Before removing or installing any assembly, disconnect the negative cable from the battery. Disconnecting this wire prevents injury to service personnel and damage to the vehicle. The ignition must also be off unless otherwise noted.
| Oil pump | |
| Gap between oil pump housing and outer rotor | 0.400-0.484 mm |
| Lateral clearance of the outer rotor | 0.045-0.100 mm |
| Lateral clearance of inner rotor | 0.035-0.085mm |
| Valve spring free length | 81 mm |